SMS verification: What it is and how it works

Passwords get stolen daily. In 2021, hackers swiped over two billion accounts—that amounts to around 6.85 million stolen passwords per day and 158 per second.

But don't panic. That's why we verify with SMS. For those who don’t know, SMS just means texting. You can secure accounts instantly on your mobile phone through text message verification.

While passwords are relatively easy to steal, phones aren’t. But that’s not to say no one ever loses their phone. Consumers lose around 70 million smartphones annually, and only 7% ever recover them. And while that number might sound alarming—and it is—it's significantly less than two billion.

With mobile SMS verification enabled, a hacker would need your username, password, and access to your phone (and they might even need a password to unlock your phone) to compromise your account. Only having access to your password doesn’t allow them to verify with SMS.

That's a lot of protection for your data—and with everything you keep online, security is essential.

So back to SMS text verification. What is it, how does it work, and how can you offer it to your customers?

All great questions. Here are the answers.

SMS text verification lets websites, apps, banks, and social networks double-check a user’s identity.

After entering your username and password, companies will send an SMS verification number to your smartphone. Use that number to complete your login. That’s SMS verification.

SMS verification goes by other names too. You might hear it referred to as SMS authentication, SMS-based two-factor authentication (2FA), or SMS one-time password (OTP).

Still, mobile SMS verification isn't perfect. There are security risks (which we'll get into later) and costs to consider. But it's hard to overlook its convenience. Plus, consumers have gotten used to this verification over the years, as it doesn't require any additional apps or services.

Let’s sum up SMS text verification in a few steps:

1. Provide your phone number to a business during the sign-up process.
2. Enter your username and password on the business' website or app to receive a one-time text verification number.
3. Type that code into the app or website to complete the login process.

It's that straightforward. Give your phone number, get a text verification number, and sign on.

SMS authentication might not be perfectly secure, but it has its pros:

• Security: While mobile SMS verification isn't as secure as other modern-day alternatives, such as time-based one-time passwords (TOTP), it’s still more secure than a password alone.
• Familiarity: People who have used SMS authentication are familiar with typing these short codes into their devices.
• Affordability: SMS 2FA isn’t costly. And since most consumers already have a mobile device, it requires no additional hardware or software.

While SMS authentication might be secure and affordable, there are a few potential cons:

• Vulnerabilities: SIM swapping (fraud) and hacking can compromise an account (fortunately, our Lookup SIM Swap can save the day).
• Lost devices: People lose their devices all the time—see above—which could keep them locked out and/or compromise their security.
• Synced devices: Many people receive their text messages on multiple devices (via laptop, computer, mobile device, or watch). This makes it easier for bad actors to intercept a customer’s SMS verification number.

With so many SMS text verification services, how do you find the right one for your business? Here are a few things to look for:

• Fast, reliable delivery: OTPs are often time sensitive, meaning users may have only minutes to enter the code before it expires. If you send thousands of SMS 2FA messages to customers, you need a verification service that can scale without sacrificing speed.
• Security: Mobile SMS verification messages need to be secure. If not, attackers can intercept unprotected messages and use the code to gain access to your users’ accounts. Work with a verification service that's SOC 2 compliant (the gold standard for data security).
• Top-notch support: When something goes wrong, you need a service provider that can assist immediately.
• Alternate channels: Users might not want to use their phone for verification purposes—and that's fine. Use a provider with other 2FA options, such as email, push, or TOTP.

Want an SMS verification service that checks all the boxes? Try secure 2FA with Twilio Verify.

Yes, we know we're a bit biased, but hear us out.

Verify lets you validate your users with SMS, voice, email, push, and TOTP with a single API. You can also use carrier-approved, templated messages to ensure your SMS verification numbers don't get tied up in the message filters.

Plus, you can send messages globally without any hiccups, thanks to Twilio's automatic translation and global regulations compliance.

What’s more, you can integrate the Verify API into your sign-up flow to capture (and confirm) phone numbers during the onboarding process. This makes security a priority and SMS text verification less complicated.

Want to learn more? Check out our Twilio Verify API page for all the details.

Ready to get started with an SMS text verification API? Say no more. Check out our code samples and follow a three-step process:

Step 1: Choose a language and view the code on GitHub or in a zip file:

• Ruby
• Python
• .NET
• JavaScript
• PHP
• Java

Step 2: Use your API key. If you don’t have an API key, get one for free here.

Step 3: Set up the code sample locally, following these setup instructions.

SMS verification is relatively straightforward, but that doesn't mean you won't have questions. Here’s what customers most often ask when first presented with SMS text verification.

SMS verification is more secure than passwords alone, although it has its vulnerabilities. Hackers need physical access to your phone to get into your account, but once they have your phone, it becomes much more hackable.

Hackers can also transfer your number to a new phone if they get access to your personal information (like a Social Security number) and use that new device to trigger a text verification number.

If you want high-level security, we recommend using a solution like Verify. Verify lets you use other less-vulnerable verification methods, such as TOTP.

First, make sure that you have a strong cell phone signal—that's the most common culprit. Next, confirm the website or app has the right phone number—those sneaky typos can cause big headaches. Lastly, ensure your mobile provider isn't blocking messages from certain senders or number types.

If those recommendations don't work, you can use an alternate verification channel, such as voice, email, or TOTP.

Do you want to access a website or app but don't want to share your personal phone number? Set up a temporary phone number with Twilio—it only takes about five minutes.

Twilio offers many resources to improve your ability to verify with SMS, namely with the aptly-titled Twilio Verify. Verify provides a framework to verify users through multiple channels with a single API, allowing you to enhance security for your customers’ accounts at scale while saving time.

To learn more about how Twilio Verify can help make your customers’ accounts more secure, consult:

Want to learn more about what you can do with SMS? Check out our guide to SMS Marketing for Beginners. Then, when you’re ready, you can get started for free.