The LCD display module is a type of display used in digital clocks and many portable computers. It uses two pieces of polarized material with a liquid crystal solution between them. The LCD display module is a very delicate thing, which has many advantages such as low power consumption, no radiation, no dizziness, and so on. And it protects the eyesight of the user to a great extent. With the development of liquid crystal display technology and the continuous decline of liquid crystal prices, today's liquid crystal display has become a must-have electronic product for many people. So what are the components of the LCD screen?
Ⅰ. The panel of the LCD display module
The LCD panel is commonly known as glass. It is the most important core component of the LCD display module. The quality of a display mainly depends on the quality of the LCD panel, which directly affects the sensory experience of the screen. The LCD panel is generally produced as a large board, which is cut into small boards according to different sizes and becomes a core component.
Ⅱ. The backlight of the LCD display module
The backlight refers to the light source behind the LCD display module. Without the light source, the display screen will not have any display. The components of the backlight are composed of the light source, the light guide plate, the optical film, and other structural parts. The backlight can control the brightness according to the lamp beads and power consumption. If you need high brightness, you can change it according to the structure of the backlight. Of course, you cannot turn up the screen without a limit. The degree of its brightness is designed based on the internal structure and power consumption of the whole machine.
Ⅲ. FPC of LCD display module
FPC flexible circuit board, which is a flexible circuit board with high wiring density, lightweight, thin thickness, and good bendability. The LCD display module conducts electricity through the FPC to realize the display function. It is also an important component that is indispensable. Of course, FPC is not the only conductive component. Some large screens are energized through USB and other interfaces. FPC is a common conductive component for small and medium-sized LCD display modules.
Ⅳ. The IC of the LCD display module
IC is what everyone often says. A chip is a kind of miniature electronic device or component. It uses a certain process to interconnect the transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and other components and wiring required in a circuit to make a small piece. Or a few small pieces of semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a package to become a miniature structure with the required circuit functions. With it, any function can be realized.
The LCD display module has strict requirements on air humidity, so it must be able to work in a relatively dry environment. In particular, moisture cannot be brought into the interior of the display screen, so this is particularly critical for some users whose working environment is relatively humid. If there is water in the LCD screen, what you need to do is place it in a dry place to allow the water to evaporate. Do not turn on the power rashly at this time. Otherwise, the LCD electrodes of the screen will be corroded, causing liquid crystal damage to the display.
An LCD display is an evenly lit rectangular shape made up of smaller rectangular subsections of this shape which are called pixels. The light in the pixels is dimmed and passed through different colour filters which creates a small area in a share of a solid colour, a subpixel.
Subpixels are lined up next to each other in such a high density that our eyes cannot distinguish each individual subpixel. This makes the subpixels’ colours flow together – creating millions of different colours.
Ultimately the panel is a large piece of grey glass or polymer sheet which dims the pixels. There are many different ways it can do this but the polarization layer is the method used in all the LCD displays today. Light always travels in a certain direction, but it can be rotated along the way, this rotation of light waves is called polarization.
In LCD displays there is such a thing as a polarizing filter. This filter will only let light through that is angled, or polarized, at a certain angle.
LCD displays have two polarizing filters behind each other both attached to a glass sheet. Between the polarizing filters are liquid crystals which have the quality of bending light. So, in an LCD display light comes from the backlight and hits the first polarizing filter. It then passes through the liquid crystals where the light is bent a certain amount before it passes through the second polarizing filter.
The liquid crystals can actually be controlled with voltage. The amount of voltage used decides how much light is bent and stopped by the second polarizing filter. This is how voltage controls the light traveling through the panel. But for a working LCD display, you need light waves which is where the backlight comes in.
The backlight to an LCD display is the source of light, it needs to be white because the emitter delivers light to all subpixels, which are red, green and blue. This white light is usually produced by either CCFLs or LEDs. CCFLs produce fluorescent light using mercury and LEDs don’t and so are much greener.
Both CCFLs and LED have a downside. They are both either point or line light sources. The light however needs to be distributed over a much larger surface and so LCD displays use diffusing and reflecting layers. Diffusers spread the light beams to cover the area they need to light up. Light then travels through a series of unevenly spaced bumps after which the diffused light either travels forward to the actual LCD panel or back. When diffused light travels back it hits a reflector. A reflecting layer guides otherwise wasted diffused light back towards the LCD display panel. A reflecting layer helps increase efficiency of the LCD display.
An LCD display requires voltages that are not usually available in the average building and so a power convertor is needed.
The main voltage is converted to intermediate DC voltage, usually between 12 and 24V. The power flow then separates to the backlight and the microelectronics. The 5V for the display’s electronics is once again divided into two going to the LVDS receiver and the bias driver.
Inside an LCD display you will find the micro-electronics which are the electronics involved in signal processing. They usually split up into two functions – the video signal receiver and the panel driver.
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