What is more efficient in hydrogel crosslinking, physical or chemical?

What are the current methods for fagus extraction from feces?

4 answers

Current methods for fecal extraction of fagus include the use of a device with a detachable cap and integral spatula, where an extraction buffer solubilizes feces into liquid and solid phases, and a separation gel allows for separation of these phases based on density. Another method involves suspending the fecal sample in various solvents, separating the liquid layer from the suspension, and then removing proteins from the liquid layer to obtain the desired substances. For solid samples like feces, extraction protocols need to be defined, and in the case of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice feces, protocols have been developed to minimize changes in metabolite composition within 24 hours after extraction. Additionally, a fecal sample collection and extraction device has been designed to achieve quantitative sampling with the same precision as a weighing method. Finally, a noninvasive DNA extraction method has been developed for stool samples, which involves two digestions and two purification steps, and has been successfully tested on samples from wild animals.

Please, find papers about collagen hydrogels for bone regeneration published since 2021?

5 answers

Collagen hydrogels have been extensively studied for bone regeneration. These hydrogels are considered excellent candidates for fabricating bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds due to their biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical control. They have been shown to promote human adipose-derived stem cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation toward the osteogenic lineage. Collagen hydrogels also facilitate the deposition of hydroxyapatite particles and the formation of mature mineralized tissue, leading to superior bone healing. Recent research has highlighted the potential of collagen hydrogels as delivery carriers for bone regeneration. These hydrogels can provide a three-dimensional network structure similar to the natural extracellular matrix and can transport cells, biofactors, nutrients, and drugs. Overall, collagen hydrogels hold great promise for bone defect repair and regeneration in the field of bone tissue engineering.

3D printed scaffold bioglass?

5 answers

3D printed scaffolds made from bioglass have been investigated in several studies. These scaffolds are fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques such as stereolithography and 3D bioprinting. The bioglass scaffolds have shown promising results in terms of their morphological, microstructural, mechanical, and bioactive properties. They have been found to have suitable mechanical properties for bone-contact applications, with compressive strength ranging from 21.9 ± 6.2 MPa and elastic modulus of 4.8 ± 0.1 GPa. The scaffolds have also demonstrated in vitro bioactivity, with the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the scaffold struts after soaking in simulated body fluid. Additionally, the bioglass scaffolds have shown excellent mechanical performance and hydroxyapatite-forming capability, as well as low cytotoxicity to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These findings suggest that 3D printed bioglass scaffolds have potential applications in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Polymers used in inkjet technique used in 3d bioprinting for bone tissue engineering?

4 answers

Polymeric materials used in inkjet-based 3D bioprinting for bone tissue engineering include polyetherimide (PEI), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polyamide-12 (PA12). These materials have gained attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. In the study by Imran et al., simulations were conducted to observe the manufacturing constraints and scaffold quality of 3D-printed polymeric porous scaffolds using the material extrusion 3D printing (ME3DP) process. Different unit cell designs (ventils, grid, and octet) were investigated, and it was found that grid unit cell scaffolds manufactured using PEI material achieved higher dimensional accuracy and control, while grid unit cell scaffolds fabricated using PA12 material had minimum residual stresses. These findings suggest that PEI, ABS, and PA12 are potential polymeric materials for inkjet-based 3D bioprinting in bone tissue engineering applications.

How does gelintinizzed strach impact water vapor pressure?

5 answers

Gelatinized starch has an impact on water vapor pressure. Some hydrogels are capable of lowering their surface vapor pressure to prevent dehydration at low humidity and absorbing water from the ambient air to recover at high humidity. Gelatin-based edible films, when plasticized with glycerol, showed higher water vapor permeability compared to cast gelatin films plasticized with glycerol.

What factors contribute to the higher coal extraction yield from long chain alcohols compared to shorter chain alcohols?

5 answers

Long chain alcohols, such as those in the ethanol-pentanol series, contribute to higher coal extraction yields compared to shorter chain alcohols. The length of the alcohol hydrocarbon radical is a key factor in determining the viscosity and shear stress of alcohol-coal slurries, with longer chain alcohols leading to increased viscosity and shear stress. Additionally, the extraction yield in coal solvent extraction is strongly correlated with the atomic H/C ratio or volatile matter content of the coal, as well as the electron donor, acceptor number (DN-AN) of the solvent. Nitrogen content, carbon content, and hydrogen content of the coal also have significant direct and indirect influences on extraction yield. These findings suggest that the chemical composition and physical properties of both the alcohol and the coal play important roles in determining the extraction yield.

How does the rheology of pectins change with surfactant?

4 answers

The rheology of pectins can be modified by the addition of surfactants. Lupi et al. found that the rheological behavior of pectin gels was influenced by the addition of a non-ionic surfactant, Tween 60, in the preparation of emulsion gels. Martinez et al. observed that the viscoelastic properties of citrus pectin were enhanced when blended with polyquaternium-7, nanoparticles, or microparticles. Sato et al. investigated the effects of sucrose and pectin concentrations on the rheological behavior of pectin systems and found that the presence of pectin influenced the pseudoplasticity of the systems. Holst et al. studied the gelation of pectin systems by changing the pH using glucono-δ-lactone and observed a pronounced viscosity increase near the gel points. Lapomarda et al. used pectin as a rheology modifier in gelatin formulations and found that it increased the viscosity and yield stress of the gelatin solutions.

Is there a skin spheroid model made from iPSC derived keratinocytes?

5 answers

Yes, there is a skin spheroid model made from iPSC derived keratinocytes. The development of 3D epidermal spheroids and epidermal spheroid-derived cells from primary neonatal human keratinocytes has been described, which can functionally model distinct stages of keratinocyte generative plasticity and enrich heterogenous normal human keratinocyte cultures for keratinocyte subpopulations with enhanced stem-like characteristics. Additionally, a novel type of spheroid-shaped skin organoids has been demonstrated, where adult and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial progenitors self-assemble into these organoids, partially modeling tissue function and regeneration. Furthermore, a method for generating 3D organoid cultures using skin keratinocytes derived from human iPSCs has been described, providing a powerful tool to analyze the organ and tissue response against genotoxic stress. These studies highlight the potential of iPSC-derived keratinocytes in creating skin spheroid models for various applications in regenerative medicine and disease research.

Are there any ways to clean up plasma to use as matrix?

4 answers

Plasma can be cleaned for use as a matrix in various ways. One method involves using a plasma cleaning device that evenly cleans the outer surface of a three-dimensional object. Another method is through plasma cladding, where a matrix surface is cleaned using a water washing method and then wear-resisting alloy powder is added and leveled to improve the characteristics of the matrix material. Additionally, a plasma cleaning machine can be used to clean a single lead framework by creating a sealed cavity with a reaction cabin. Another plasma cleaning machine utilizes electrode plates and an entry-exit structure to uniformly distribute ionized plasmas for cleaning electronic devices. Finally, a liquid cleaning mixture can be used to remove contaminants from the surface of dielectric barrier material in a plasma cleaning device.

How to extract phytochemicals from cainito peels?

4 answers

Phytochemicals can be extracted from cainito peels using different techniques. One method is maceration, where methanol extracts are obtained by soaking the peels in methanol. Another method is hydrotropic extraction, which uses hydrotropic solvents to enhance the solubility of the phytochemicals in aqueous solutions. Additionally, subcritical water extraction can be used, where process parameters such as pressure, temperature, and pH are optimized to obtain higher amounts of phytochemicals from the peels. These extraction methods have been shown to yield bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, anthraquinones, triterpenoids, and phenolics from cainito peels. By utilizing these techniques, the phytochemicals present in cainito peels can be effectively extracted for further use in various applications.

What are some future research directions in the use of essential oils in textile finishing for therapeutic end uses?

5 answers

Future research directions in the use of essential oils in textile finishing for therapeutic end uses include exploring different methods of incorporating essential oils into fabrics, such as ultrasound, diffusion, and padding. Researchers can investigate the effects of different solvents and treatment processes on the thermal properties, color strength, odor intensity, wash fastness, and antibacterial activities of the fabrics. Additionally, microencapsulation techniques can be further studied to develop long-lasting aroma finishes and controlled release of essential oils. The development of functionalized textiles with useful properties, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiseptic, and antioxidant properties, can be explored using essential oils. Further research can focus on the application of essential oils, such as thyme oil and peppermint oil, on different types of fabrics, including polyester and cotton blends, to enhance their functional properties, such as mosquito repellency.